Aircraft wings are inevitably subjected to diverse and intricate loads in the course of flight, which induce the deformation. Precise measurement of the wing deformation holds vital importance for ensuring flight safety, optimizing aircraft performance, and enabling the advancement of aeronautical structure design. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the principal techniques currently utilized in the aircraft wing deformation measurement, both domestically and internationally. These techniques encompass the linear displacement sensor method, strain sensor method, stereoscopic vision measurement method, optical fiber sensing method, and others. A detailed comparative analysis is made, examining the merits and demerits of each method with respect to the measurement accuracy, real-time performance, and environmental adaptability. Additionally, the paper discusses the application status of these techniques in the practical monitoring of aircraft wing deformation. Lastly, this paper anticipates the future development directions for further enhancing the capabilities of wing deformation measurement. The prime objective is to provide a valuable reference for wing health monitoring and performance optimization within the realm of aeronautical engineering.