Aiming at the problem of the decline in the accuracy of ultrasonic wall thickness measurement caused by temperature fluctuations during the operation of high-temperature petrochemical pipelines, a measurement method based on the inversion of temperature and the compensation of wall thickness by ultrasonic guided wave signals is proposed. A two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer model was established, the temperature field distribution of the waveguide strip was analyzed, an ultrasonic flight time prediction model was constructed, the quantitative relationship between the pipe temperature and the ultrasonic flight time in the waveguide was characterized, and the real-time measurement of the temperature of high-temperature pipes was achieved. On this basis, the ultrasonic guided wave thickness measurement data was compensated to improve the accuracy of pipe wall thickness monitoring. An ultrasonic guided wave measurement platform was built and experiments were performed. The results show that within the range of 15 ~ 500 ℃, this method can achieve precise measurement of the temperature change of the pipeline, and the measurement error of the wall thickness after compensation is ± 0.1 mm. This method breaks through the application bottleneck of the existing guided wave thickness measurement devices in variable-temperature environments, providing technical support for the safe operation of petrochemical plants.